The Stark effect, first observed by Johannes Stark in 1913, describes how an external [[Electric Field|electric field]] alters the [[Energy|energy levels]] of an [[Atom|atom]] or molecule. The phenomenon is a fundamental consequence of how charged particles, such as electrons in an atom, respond to external electric forces. In the presence of an electric field, the normally well-defined energy levels of an atom split or shift due to the interaction between the field and the atomic [[Dipole Moment|dipole moment]]. The Stark effect is particularly significant in high-precision spectroscopy, where it helps scientists measure atomic properties and understand interactions in complex environments. Beyond atomic physics, the Stark effect plays a crucial role in [[Quantum Optics|quantum optics]], plasma physics, and astrophysics. It is used in [[Laser Cooling|laser cooling]] of atoms, as well as in [[Optical Lattice|optical lattices]], where laser-induced electric fields create periodic potential landscapes for atoms. Additionally, it helps explain the spectral lines of stars and is used in electric field sensors and [[Semiconductor|semiconductor]] technology. The Stark effect remains a key tool for probing the quantum nature of matter and advancing modern physics. >[!read]- Further Reading >[!ref]- References